{"id":2640,"date":"2023-06-07T14:47:42","date_gmt":"2023-06-07T07:47:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gianganhlaw.com\/cac-loai-chung-cu-trong-vu-an-hinh-su-theo-luat-to-tung-hinh-su\/"},"modified":"2023-06-07T14:47:42","modified_gmt":"2023-06-07T07:47:42","slug":"cac-loai-chung-cu-trong-vu-an-hinh-su-theo-luat-to-tung-hinh-su","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gianganhlaw.com\/en\/cac-loai-chung-cu-trong-vu-an-hinh-su-theo-luat-to-tung-hinh-su\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00c1C LO\u1ea0I CH\u1ee8NG C\u1ee8 TRONG V\u1ee4 \u00c1N H\u00ccNH S\u1ef0 THEO LU\u1eacT T\u1ed0 T\u1ee4NG H\u00ccNH S\u1ef0"},"content":{"rendered":"

Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 trong v\u1ee5 \u00e1n h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap cho c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ch\u1ee9ng minh cao nh\u1ea5t. T\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o t\u1eebng c\u01a1 s\u1edf ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nhau, c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i theo nh\u1eefng ti\u00eau ch\u00ed, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5, theo ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i chung, ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh 3 nh\u00f3m: ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 b\u1ed5 sung. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong m\u1ed7i nh\u00f3m, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n chia chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n theo c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed nh\u01b0 t\u00ednh h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p, \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady, t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng, t\u00ednh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, t\u00ednh ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p,\u2026 T\u00f9y v\u00e0o y\u00eau c\u1ea7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 trong t\u1eebng v\u1ee5 \u00e1n h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, c\u01a1 quan t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng s\u1ebd \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ee9ng minh trong v\u1ee5 \u00e1n.<\/span><\/p>\n

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  1. \n

    Ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp<\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

    Ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 li\u00ean quan tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong v\u1ee5 \u00e1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ch\u1ee9ng minh cao nh\u1ea5t. Ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u00f2n mang t\u00ednh kh\u00e1ch quan cao, gi\u00fap cho c\u01a1 quan th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 quan tr\u1ecdng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ee5 \u00e1n, nh\u01b0 h\u00e0nh vi ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i, \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng g\u00e2y t\u1ed9i, th\u1eddi gian x\u1ea3y ra, \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch, t\u00ecnh ti\u1ebft t\u0103ng n\u1eb7ng ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3m nh\u1eb9 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1…<\/span><\/p>\n

    C\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c nhau, bao g\u1ed3m, l\u1eddi khai c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u00ean c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan, v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, b\u0103ng ghi \u00e2m, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, bi\u00ean b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt ch\u1ee9ng kh\u00e1c. Vi\u1ec7c thu th\u1eadp v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00fang quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cao v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

    Ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ee9ng minh trong v\u1ee5 \u00e1n, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 li\u00ean quan gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c th\u00f4ng tin m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ee9ng minh.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp v\u1eabn c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ch\u1ee9ng minh nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c trong v\u1ee5 \u00e1n. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ed5 sung cho ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 \u00e1n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p ho\u1eb7c v\u1ee5 \u00e1n c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn \u0111a chi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9<\/span><\/p>\n

    C\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u ngu\u1ed3n, bao g\u1ed3m l\u1eddi khai c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee9ng, t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, th\u00f4ng tin \u0111i\u1ec1u tra, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt ch\u1ee9ng kh\u00e1c. Ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea3n m\u1ea1n n\u00ean vi\u1ec7c thu th\u1eadp v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cao, c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ch\u1ee9ng minh t\u1ed1i \u0111a \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u0110\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n hai b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh xem ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n ba thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 hay kh\u00f4ng, bao g\u1ed3m t\u00ednh kh\u00e1ch quan, \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady; sau \u0111\u00f3 xem x\u00e9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n m\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft n\u00f3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi nhau, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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    1. \n

      Ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 sao ch\u00e9p, thu\u1eadt l\u1ea1i<\/b><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      – Ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 g\u1ed1c l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm v\u00e0 thu th\u1eadp t\u1eeb n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3 x\u1ea3y v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c. V\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u00f4ng qua b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 kh\u00e2u trung gian n\u00e0o n\u00ean ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 g\u1ed1c c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady cao v\u00e0 gi\u00fap cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, thu th\u1eadp lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu th\u1eadp \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch th\u00ec ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t t\u00ednh kh\u00e1ch quan v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng sai s\u00f3t trong quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn.<\/span><\/p>\n

      Khi gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ee5 \u00e1n h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1, ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 g\u1ed1c lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ch\u1ee9ng minh cao h\u01a1n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 khi ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 g\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu th\u1eadp s\u1edbm v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, vi\u1ec7c thu th\u1eadp ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 s\u00e1t ngu\u1ed3n gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch quan, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec5u lo\u1ea1n. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng, ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 g\u1ed1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c x\u1ea3y ra trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, tr\u00e1nh sai s\u00f3t v\u00e0 mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 minh b\u1ea1ch.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

      – Ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 sao ch\u00e9p, thu\u1eadt l\u1ea1i: ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 sao ch\u00e9p, thu\u1eadt l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu th\u1eadp kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb n\u01a1i xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 m\u00e0 th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00e2u trung gian. Lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu th\u1eadp b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch sao ch\u00e9p th\u00f4ng tin t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 sao ch\u00e9p t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, b\u1ea3n ghi \u00e2m, b\u1ea3n ghi h\u00ecnh, hay k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t l\u1ea1i.<\/span><\/p>\n

      Do lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i thu th\u1eadp tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb n\u01a1i xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng cao b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 g\u1ed1c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 sao ch\u00e9p c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf cho ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 g\u1ed1c trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 truy t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 g\u1ed1c<\/span><\/p>\n

      Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 sao ch\u00e9p, thu\u1eadt l\u1ea1i, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn, ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 sao ch\u00e9p, thu\u1eadt l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng sai s\u00f3t trong quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn.<\/span><\/p>\n

      3. Ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 bu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i, ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 g\u1ee1 t\u1ed9i<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n

      Ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 bu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng minh s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c x\u1ea3y ra, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed9i danh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i, l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i, c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh ti\u1ebft t\u0103ng n\u1eb7ng tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh ti\u1ebft kh\u00e1c b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i khi gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ee5 \u00e1n.<\/span><\/p>\n

      Tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 bu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i th\u00ec ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 g\u1ee1 t\u1ed9i l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng minh s\u1ef1 v\u00f4 t\u1ed9i ho\u1eb7c kh\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea1m ph\u00e1p, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh vi kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh ti\u1ebft lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1, c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh khung gi\u1ea3m nh\u1eb9, c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh ti\u1ebft gi\u1ea3m nh\u1eb9 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh ti\u1ebft kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i khi gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ee5 \u00e1n.<\/span><\/p>\n

      N\u1ebfu c\u00f2n b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0o ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 th\u1eafc m\u1eafc c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n, tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lu\u1eadt s\u01b0, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi C\u00f4ng ty Lu\u1eadt TNHH Giang Anh<\/span><\/p>\n

      C\u00d4NG TY LU\u1eacT TNHH GIANG ANH<\/span><\/p>\n

      VPGD: P311, To\u00e0 nh\u00e0 142 L\u00ea Du\u1ea9n, Kh\u00e2m Thi\u00ean, \u0110\u1ed1ng \u0110a, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i<\/span><\/p>\n

      Website: gianganhlaw.com<\/span><\/p>\n

      Email: <\/span>gal.attorneys@gmail.com<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

      HOTLINE: 0345 428 668<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 trong v\u1ee5 \u00e1n h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap cho c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ch\u1ee9ng minh cao nh\u1ea5t. T\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o t\u1eebng c\u01a1 s\u1edf ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":123457,"featured_media":2305,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[56],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2640","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hinh-su-en"],"yoast_head":"\nC\u00c1C LO\u1ea0I CH\u1ee8NG C\u1ee8 TRONG V\u1ee4 \u00c1N H\u00ccNH S\u1ef0 THEO LU\u1eacT T\u1ed0 T\u1ee4NG H\u00ccNH S\u1ef0 - Lu\u1eadt Giang Anh<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/gianganhlaw.com\/en\/cac-loai-chung-cu-trong-vu-an-hinh-su-theo-luat-to-tung-hinh-su\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"C\u00c1C LO\u1ea0I CH\u1ee8NG C\u1ee8 TRONG V\u1ee4 \u00c1N H\u00ccNH S\u1ef0 THEO LU\u1eacT T\u1ed0 T\u1ee4NG H\u00ccNH S\u1ef0 - Lu\u1eadt Giang Anh\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 trong v\u1ee5 \u00e1n h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap cho c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ch\u1ee9ng minh cao nh\u1ea5t. 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